Disposable padded tape

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are devices for preventing or treating an injury to an individual. Also provided are devices and methods for alleviating pain or discomfort caused by equipment or other padding or articles of clothing or uniform. The device can include a disposable padded tape having a plurality of force absorbing zones. It can also include an adhesive layer for attaching the device to a body contacting surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/877,397, filed on Sep. 13, 2013, the entire contents ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

Disclosed herein is a disposable padded tape for use as protectivepadding. Methods of making and using the disposable tape to protectagainst injury are likewise described.

2. Description of the Related Technology

Protective wear is used as a barrier to absorb and dissipate energy thathas the potential to cause injury to an individual. Protective wear isutilized, for example, in a range of sporting and leisure activities andwithin the building trade. Conventional protective wear may form anintegral part of an item of clothing, for example a shoulder pad, or maybe provided separately, for example a shin pad. Such arrangements arenot versatile, as they are structured to protect a specific body part.It is therefore often necessary to purchase different protective wearfor use in the protection of different parts of the body. Additionally,because conventional protective wear is purchased “off-the shelf”, it isonly available in a limited range of sizes or designs, and as such maynot provide optimal protection for a specific user's body-part.

There is a need in the art for a more user-friendly protective paddingwhich can be tailored for use on different body parts.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are devices and methods for use in the prevention ortreatment of an injury to an individual. The devices and methods canalso be used to alleviate pain or discomfort caused by equipment orother padding or articles of clothing, footwear, or uniform. They can beused for aesthetic reasons, for comfort, fit, and reduction of chafing.The devices can be applied to the skin and/or on top of or under otherpadding, tape, equipment, clothing, or any other surface wherebeneficial. It is contemplated that the devices and methods describedherein are used in the sports industry but also have uses in anyinstance in which a protective barrier, cushion or padding would benefitthe wearer.

According to an aspect, there is provided disposable tape for use inprotecting against injury. The disposable tape may be configured as asheet of tape or the tape can be wound convolutely in overlappingrelationship upon itself to form a roll of disposable tape. In anotheraspect there are individual shapes and sizes of disposable tape that areindividually packaged in a box, for example, such as Band-Aid® bandages(shapes could be simple rectangles or ovals, or optimized to fitspecific body parts/joints like the knee, shin, elbow, nose etc.)configured for application to a body surface or other surface for theprevention or treatment of an injury to an individual.

The tape comprises a first layer having a bottom and top surface,wherein the bottom surface is an adhesive skin-contacting surface thatadheres to and conforms to the body surface, a second layer disposed onthe top surface of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises apad having a plurality of force absorbing zones, and a discontinuitydisposed between at least two of the plurality of zones, the firstdiscontinuity comprising a bottom surface and a flexion space betweensuch at least two zones, and wherein flexion of the pad about the firstdiscontinuity does not inhibit motion of the body surface. In apreferred embodiment, there is also an intermediate or carrier layer tohold the padding together upon die cutting. Thus, in some embodiments,the tape comprises more than one layer of pressure sensitive adhesive.

In certain embodiments, the first layer is a layer of adhesive, forexample a press-sensitive adhesive, having a sufficient adhesivestrength to secure the tape in place during use, but which also allowsthe tape to be readily removed from the skin after use, preferably in apain-free manner. In alternative embodiments, the first layer is made ofa resiliently stretchable material configured to conform to the surfaceof the skin, with a bottom surface to which the adhesive is applied, foradhering to the user's skin. Another embodiment is a first layer ofpressure sensitive adhesive optimally designed to work adjacent to theskin, a second layer adjacent to the first layer and the padding layeroptimally designed to retain the force absorbing padding. A thirdstretchable material may also be placed between the adhesive layers soas to allow easier manufacturability when cutting and converting thefinal tape in production. A releasable, protective paper liner may bedisposed on the adhesive prior to use. Another material, preferablystretchable, may also be placed between the force absorbing zones and onthe outer surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive in order toeliminate exposed pressure sensitive areas which are prone to collectingdebris and inhibiting ease of use.

In certain embodiments, each force-absorbing zone is a discrete,separate element which is individually disposed on the first layer,preferably on the top surface of the first layer. Each force-absorbingzone has a base with side walls extending therefrom. The base is securedto the top surface of the first layer such that the flexion surface islocated between side walls of adjacent force-absorbing zones, and thebottom surface of the first discontinuity is provided by the top surfaceof the first layer. In embodiments in which the first layer is a layerof adhesive, each force absorbing-zone is separately bonded to the topsurface of the adhesive layer. In those embodiments in which the firstlayer is a conformable material, each force-absorbing zone is separatelybonded to the top surface of this material by the provision of anadhesive between the adjoining surfaces.

In certain embodiments, the bottom surface of the first discontinuity isdisposed above the top surface of the first layer. This can be achievedin certain implementations by the segmentation of a single piece offorce absorbing material. Segmentation creates a plurality of forceabsorbing zones which project from the bottom surface of the secondlayer (i.e. the surface that is disposed adjacent to the top surface ofthe first layer). Each force absorbing zone has a height. Unitaryextensions, which extend between adjacent force absorbing zones, have aheight that is less than the height of the force absorbing zones. Theprojecting plurality of zones may be configured as a pattern.

In certain embodiments, the height of the unitary extension is one-third(⅓^(rd)) the height of the adjacent force absorbing zones between whichit extends.

In certain embodiments, the height of the unitary extension is abouttwo-thirds (⅔^(rds)) the height of the adjacent force absorbing zonesbetween which it extends or between about ⅓^(rd) and about ⅔^(rds) ofthe height of such zones.

In certain embodiments, segmentation is achieved by the removal ofmaterial from the top surface of the second layer. Material is removedto create the desired shape, size and pattern of the force absorbingzones and the desired height of the unitary extensions between adjacentforce absorbing zones.

In alternative embodiments, segmentation is achieved by the use of amold into which a moldable, force absorbing material is poured. Thisenables the creation of the desired shape, size and pattern of the forceabsorbing zones and the desired height of the unitary extensions betweenadjacent force absorbing zones.

Various shapes of force absorbing zones can be utilized as required toprovide appropriate support to the user's body area. Example shapesinclude, but are not limited to, a circle, an oval, a square, arectangle, a diamond, a hexagon or a rounded-hexagon, flowers, chainmail, logos, team mascots etc. A mixture of shapes can be utilized, anda plurality of shapes may be configured in a pattern. In certainembodiments, the side walls of the force absorbing zones havecomplimentary shapes (e.g., opposing flat walls, opposing convex/concavepairings) that abut across the flexion space when the plurality of forceabsorbing zones articulate about the first discontinuity.

As described herein, the disposable tape comprises a sheet of adhesivewith padding. It will be appreciated that the tape can be wound inoverlapping relationship upon itself to form a convolutely wound roll oftape. Also contemplated is a sheet of tape comprising an adhesive layer,a pad having a plurality of force absorbing zones, and a discontinuity,wherein the sheet of tape can have a functional and/or ornamental shape.In an embodiment, when partially unrolled or unfurled from the dispenserin which it is housed, the tape has a length which is defined by the twoopposing longitudinal edges and a width which is defined by the distancebetween opposing longitudinal edges. The tape can be provided indifferent widths and different lengths, as appropriate to support theuser's body area. Non-limiting examples of suitable widths of tape areabout 2″, 3″, 4″, 5″ or 6″. In certain embodiments, at least two forceabsorbing zones are provided between the opposing longitudinal edges. Inalternative embodiments, at least four force absorbing zones areprovided between the opposing longitudinal edges. In other embodiments,many force absorbing zones are use, e.g., more than four (4), more thaneight (8), more than twelve (12) or more than twenty (20).

It may be advantageous for a tape to be provided with a mixture of forceabsorbing zones that are capable of absorbing and dissipating energy,such as an impacting force, by differing amounts to provide moreparticularly tailored support. In certain embodiments, there are atleast two sets of the force absorbing zones provided on the tape. Eachset is configured to compress by a different height extent under thesame impaction force. This can be achieved by providing a first set offorce absorbing zones which have a different surface area than thesurface area of the force absorbing zones in the second set. In someimplementations, the force absorbing zones of the first set have adifferent height than the height of the plurality of force absorbingzones of the second set. The set with a greater height preferablycompresses to a different position than the set with the smaller height,so it is still higher but is compressed more. Alternatively, oradditionally, each set is configured to compress by a different heightextent under the same impaction force by providing first and second setsof force absorbing zones in which the compressive strength of the zonesin the first set is different from the compressive strength of the zonesin the second set. There is a balance to be made between the ability ofa force absorbing zone to absorb and dissipate an impacting force withconsiderations such as the conformability of the force absorbing zones,and the overall comfort and appearance of the tape. The use of a mixtureof force absorbing zones that compress to differing height extents canhelp to achieve this balance. For example, if the pad is being used as aknee protector, it may be desirable for the force absorbing zones whichcover the knee cap to compress to a lesser height extent than thesurrounding force absorbing zones. This improves the comfort when theuser is kneeling, because the force absorbing zones will not compress tosuch an extent that the user will be able to feel the floor underneath.

In certain embodiments, a first set of force absorbing zones have agreater capability of absorbing and dissipating energy than the forceabsorbing zones of a second set. In certain embodiments, the first setis provided at or near the longitudinal edges of the tape, therebyforming two opposing outer margins of force absorbing zones. A secondset is provided within an inner margin of the rolled tape. This providesa tape having outer margins which contain force absorbing zones capableof absorbing and dissipating more energy than the inner margin. It ishowever envisaged that various uniform or non-uniform patterns of thefirst set and second set of force absorbing zones can be provided on thetape.

In certain embodiments, a first set of force absorbing zones are made ofa material having a greater compressive strength than the compressivestrength of material from which the force absorbing zones of a secondset of force absorbing zones. In certain embodiments, the first set isprovided at or near the longitudinal edges of the tape to form twoopposing outer margins and the second set is provided within an innermargin. This provides a tape having outer margins, which contain forceabsorbing zones capable of absorbing and dissipating more energy thanthe inner margin. It is however envisaged that various uniform ornon-uniform patterns of the first set and second set of force absorbingzones can be provided on the tape.

The compressive strength of the force absorbing zone can be modified byutilizing at least two materials having different compressive strengths.Each force absorbing zone can be a composite of materials. The compositecan be generated by the layering of materials having differentcompressive strengths. For example, the force absorbing zone can have afirst material layer and second material layer, the compressive strengthof the first material layer being greater than the compressive strengthof a second material layer. Specifically, the force absorbing zone isoriented such that the first material layer is positioned nearer to thebody than the second material layer, thereby providing a tape in whichthe material nearer to the body surface has greater force-absorbingcharacteristics.

In certain embodiments, the tape is provided with a plurality of forceabsorbing zones all being of the same shape. In certain embodiments,different shapes are utilized for the plurality of force absorbingzones.

Suitable materials from which the force-absorbing zones can be made arereadily known to the person skilled in the art. Examples includeopen-cell and closed-cell foams, such as polyurethane foam, neoprene,rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene (PE), cross-linkedpolyethylene, silicone foam, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, microcell,and polystyrene foam. In a preferred embodiment, the foam is ethyl vinylacetate (EVA), a PE-EVA blend, or combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, each force absorbing zone is a composite of foamlayers. The composite comprises at least two layers of foam material,with the material of each layer having a different compressive strength.In certain embodiments, each force absorbing zone has a first foam layerwhich has a greater compressive strength than the second foam layer, andthe force absorbing zone is orientated such that the first foam layer isnearer to the body surface, when applied. Different compressive strengthcan be achieved by the use of foam materials having different densities.

In certain embodiments, the second layer of the tape comprises aplurality of interconnected fluid or gel-filled sacs. Specifically, thesecond layer of the tape comprises air-filled sacs.

An advantage of the tape as described herein, is that is allows the userto tailor the amount of the tape being applied to any particular bodypart. The user can cut a required length of tape using scissors. Theuser may simply cut the tape in a straight line from opposing perimeteredges. However, depending on the pattern of force-absorbing zones, thismay require the user to cut through a force-absorbing zone, the ease ofwhich is dependent on the thickness of the pad. Advantageously, incertain embodiments a tear line, for example, a line of perforations, isprovided along the flexion space. This allows the user to simplydispense the required length of tape by tearing along the tear line.

In further certain embodiments, a third layer is disposed on the secondlayer such that the second layer is sandwiched between the first andsecond layer. In certain embodiments, the third layer completelyencloses the second layer, such that the force absorbing zones are notvisible. In such embodiments, the third layer is made of a resilientlystretchable material which stretches in response to flexion of thesecond layer. Suitable materials, for example, include materials made ofpolyester or elastane fibers, for example Lycra®. Such a Lycra layer maybe put formed flat fully on the top surface of the padding material, oralternatively, it could be formed around each individual paddingsections so as to accentuate the look of the padding material andperhaps take advantage of the PSA potentially still resident around eachof the padding sections. In alternative embodiments, the third layer islocalized on the top surface of the force absorbing zones. In suchembodiments, the third layer is a thin layer of plastic or a skinningfoam. The provision of a third layer can increase the durability of thetape and minimizes the disintegration of the force-absorbing zonesduring use. If the tape is going to be used on areas of the body whichare not covered by clothing, then it may be desirable to provide thethird layer in different colors, for example “team” colors.Advantageously, in embodiments in which the tape includes a third layerwhich completely encloses the second layer, the third layer includes atear line which is coincident with a tear line in the second layer.Furthermore, in embodiments in which the first layer is a resilientlystretchable material, a tear line which is coincident with the tearlines provided within in the second layer and third layer is provided.

In use, it may be desirable for the tape to be secured not only to theskin, but also to any overlying clothing. Advantageously therefore, theupper surface of the tape is provided with a means of securing the tapeto overlying clothing or other protective devices. For example, theupper surface of the tape is provided with pressure-sensitive adhesive,or Velcro.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects and advantages will be appreciated morefully from the following further description with reference to theaccompanying drawings. The depicted embodiments are to be understood toas illustrative and not limiting in any way.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative tape in whichindividual foam pieces are adhered to a layer of adhesive to form apattern of adjacent force-absorbing zones with flexion spaces providedin between.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative tape in which aunitary piece of foam is adhered to a layer of adhesive, and the foam issegmented to form a pattern of adjacent force-absorbing zones withflexion spaces provided in between.

FIGS. 3A-D are cross-sectional views of illustrative tape provided withforce-absorbing zones having different force-absorbing capabilities dueto varying physical characteristics.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are plan views of an illustrative tape having varyingspacing of hexagonal force absorbing zones.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of an illustrative tape havinga protective layer disposed on the top surface of the force absorbingzones.

FIG. 6A-6C are plan views of an illustrative tape having force absorbingzones disposed within a foam core.

FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing of a manufacturing process for producingdisposable tape.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of disposable tapeapplied about the forearm of an individual.

FIG. 9 is a schematic drawing of a manufacturing process for producingdisposable tape.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INVENTIVE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of this application relate to a disposable padded tape foruse in protecting against injury. To provide an overall understanding ofthe devices and methods described herein, certain illustrativeembodiments will be described. In the discussion below, the tape can beconfigured as a sheet. Optionally, the tape can be rolled. Whenunrolled/unfurled from its packaging, the tape has a length defined byopposing longitudinal edges and a width extending between theselongitudinal edges. Where a surface is described to say a“skin-contacting surface” or “body-contacting surface” it is assumed toalso mean contacting any equipment, padding, protective wear such asshin guards, elbow pads, wrist guards, and ankle supports, athletic tapesuch as cohesive tape, trainer tape, kinesiology tape, and spattingtape, bandages, wraps, gauze, clothing, footwear or any otherappropriate surface that can come into contact with a body surface. Alsocontemplated within the meaning of “skin-contacting surface” or“body-contacting surface” is the exterior surface of a mammal. Forexample, the tape can be applied to horse forelocks to protect againstinjury. Additionally, the tape can be applied to the surface of a mammalto protect the skin against chafing from equipment such as a saddle.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross sectional view of an illustrative tape 100.The tape consists of a biocompatible first layer 102 ofpressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), urethane, polyurethane, or hydrogelwhich has a bottom surface 104 that functions, in use, as theskin-contacting surface, and a top surface 106. As used herein, PSArefers to an adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied tomarry the adhesive with the adherend. Preferably, the PSA providesadhesion upon application of a light pressure and removability from thesurface to which the PSA is applied through a light pulling force. PSAsinclude an elastomer compounded with a suitable tackifier such as, forexample, a resin ester. The elastomer can be a rubber, acrylate,silicone, polyurethane, polyester, polyether, or combinations thereof.Suitable elastomers include, without limitation, acrylics, butyl rubber,ethylene-vinyl acetate, natural rubber, nitriles, silicone rubbers,styrene block copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene,styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/propylene,styrene-isoprene-styrene, and vinyl ethers. Suitable PSAs are compatibleto skin, possess robust skin adhesion qualities, are breathable to airand moisture, and allow for removal without skin trauma. Thus, PSAs areselected based upon their ability to adhere to a body surface andresistance to moisture and skin variations such as oiliness or dryness.Useful acrylic based PSAs include, but are not limited to, those taughtin U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,917 (Carte), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,164,444(Bernard, describing an acrylic emulsion), U.S. Pat. No. 5,623,011(Bernard, describing a tackied acrylic emulsion). It can also be acurable mixture of monomers with initiators and other ingredients suchas those taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,958 (Ang, describing UV curedacrylic) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,958 (Mallya et al, detailing EB cured).The disclosures of these patents and the pending application as theyrelate to acrylic adhesives are hereby incorporated by reference. Asused herein, PSAs relate to specific pressure sensitive adhesives asdescribed above and also include adhesive urethanes and hydrogels asdescribed below. Thus, in some embodiments, the first layer 102 isconstructed using a skin-like urethane as the base structure. Forexample, the urethane can be a breathable polyurethane material such as3M's Tegaderm™ transparent dressing, 3M 9833, or 3M 9844 (MinnesotaMining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn.) or apolyurethane-based film such as the pressure sensitive adhesivesavailable from DermaMed® (DermaMed Coatings Company, Tallmage, Ohio). Instill other aspects, the first layer 102 is constructed of an adhesivehydrogel. The hydrogel can be an electrically conductive adhesivehydrogel such as the hydrogel described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,685 toPerrault et al. Advantageously, the first layer 102 comprising anadhesive provides a skin contouring adhesion, transparency, andbreathability.

The PSA layer is configured to adhere to a body surface independently ofthe exterior temperature, humidity levels, and individual's skin type.For example, the PSA can adhere to oily, normal, and dry skin. Thus, inpreferred embodiments, the first layer is substantially sweatproof andmaintains adhesion against a body surface during exercise andperspiration. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the PSA issubstantially waterproof. Optionally, the first layer 102 can furtherinclude a feedback indicator. The feedback indicator interacts with thewearer and the tape and provides information relative to the interactionsuch as the sodium chloride content in sweat, the temperature of theskin, pH, and/or impact force absorbed by the tape. The feedbackindicator can be embedded in the adhesive layer, or layered on the bodycontacting surface of the first layer. The feedback indicator can be achemical marker, an electrical feedback element, or combinationsthereof. For the chemical marker, indications of sodium chloridecontent, skin temperature, pH, etc. can be evident by the change incoloration of the tape. For example, the feedback indicator can includea thermosensitive color sensitive layer, whereby heat from the bodycontacting side of the first layer activates the thermosensitive colorlayer to produce a color reflective of the skin surface temperature ofthe wearer. Other tactile surface pressure sensors and/or force sensorsmay likewise be included to capture the pressure profile such as thesensors made by Sensor Expert (Sensor Products Inc., Madison, N.J.).Advantageously, the pressure indicating sensor is configured to revealthe distribution and magnitude of pressure. Another non-limiting exampleof a pressure indicating sensor may include FujiFilm PreScale® pressuresensitive indicator film. In certain aspects, the first layer 102includes an electrical feedback element. The electrical feedback elementcan be constructed from a conductive additive incorporated into theadhesive to detect, for example, electromyography (EMG) signals from themuscle area underneath the tape assembly. Thus, the tape can be used asa protective element (as described in greater detail below) and also asan indicator of muscle activity around the protected area. In stillanother aspect, the tape can optionally include a conductive element incommunication with the first layer of the tape and an electrical deviceconfigured to send currents through small electrodes that targetmuscles. Suitable devices may include, for example, an E-stim device ora neuromuscular electrical stimulation (nmes) device to electricallystimulate nerve fibers to alleviate or block pain or to activate musclefibers.

The PSA can optionally include an antimicrobial layer to improve comfortand reduce the growth of microbes. The top surface 106 of the firstlayer 102 comprises a carrier layer. The carrier can be a woven ornon-woven fabric. In preferred embodiments, the carrier is a two-waystretch non-woven material. In a particularly preferred embodiment, theliner is a four-way stretch non-woven material.

Disposed on the top surface of the first layer is a second layer 108having a pattern of shaped pieces of foam 110, for example, cube-shapedpieces. The foam serves to absorb and dissipate energy. Each foam piecehas a base 112 and side walls 114 extending upwards to give each foampiece a height x. Each individual foam piece is adhered to the surface106 along its respective base using an adherend such as a PSA. The foampieces form force-absorbing zones of the second layer. In between thepieces of foam are flexion spaces 116, the bottoms of which are formedby the surface 106. The flexion spaces and the bottom surfaces betweentwo zones provide a discontinuity between those zones. Flex is achievedby introducing discontinuities in the sheets of foam and ensuringcarriers and PSAs do not inhibit stretch. Any foam piece can flex aboutthe discontinuity without inhibiting motion of the body part beingwrapped or protected. In some implementations, adjacent force-absorbingzones or foam pieces flex about the bottom surface of the discontinuity,flexing toward each other or away from each other. During such flexion,the upper areas of adjacent zones or foam pieces may touch, which allowsthe adjacent zones to move relative to each other so as to additionallyabsorb an applied force.

The physical characteristics of some or all of the foam pieces can bemodified as discussed below to provide foam pieces which are configuredto compress to different heights under the same impaction force.Although not shown, adhesive can be provided on the top surface of thesecond layer, allowing the top of the second layer to adhere tooverlying clothing or other protective devices. The adhesive on both thebottom surface of the first layer, and if present, on the top surface ofthe second layer can optionally be covered with a protective paper linerprior to use. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tape comprisesa release liner, an adherend such as PSA adjacent to the skin, a carrierlayer, and a padding layer. The carrier layer can be a non-woven fabricor a thin plastic film. Advantageously, a PSA holds the pad to thecarrier layer. The PSA can be the same PSA used in the first layer.Alternatively, the PSA can be a relatively stronger adhesive whichsecures the force absorbing zones to the top surface of the first layer.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an illustrative tape 200.The tape includes a first layer 202 of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA)with a bottom surface 204 that functions, in use, as the skin-contactingsurface, and a top surface 206. Disposed on the top surface of the firstlayer is a second layer 208 structured as a unitary piece of foam. Thispiece of foam has a bottom surface 210 which is adhered to surface 206with a pressure sensitive adhesive. The PSA can be rubber based oracrylic based. In preferred embodiments, the PSA is acrylic based. Thefoam is segmented to produce a pattern of foam sections (212 a, 212 b,212 c) which extend upwardly from surface 210, each having a height x,and which function as the force absorbing zones. As illustrated, aunitary extension 214 a spans between and connects force absorbing zones212 a and 212 b, whereas unitary extension 214 b spans between andconnects force absorbing zones 212 b and 212 c. The top surface of theunitary extensions forms the bottom of the flexion space 216 betweenadjacent force absorbing zones. The area of flexion space betweenadjacent force absorbing zones can be altered by altering the height yof the unitary extensions. For example, unitary extension 214 a has aheight y which is about ⅔ of x. In comparison, the height y of unitaryextension 214 b is about ½ of x. Although not shown, adhesive can beprovided on the top surface of the second layer (e.g., on top of theforce absorbing zones) to allow the top of the second layer to adhere tooverlying clothing or other protective devices. The adhesive on both thebottom surface of the first layer and if present, on the top surface ofthe second layer is preferably covered with a protective paper linerprior to use.

In certain embodiments, the force absorbing zones of the second layercan be configured to compress to different heights under the sameimpaction force. FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate cross-sectional views ofillustrative embodiments of tapes 300; 400; 500; 600 which comprise afirst layer 302; 402; 502; 602 of pressure-sensitive adhesive and asecond layer 304; 404; 504; 604 structured as individual pieces of foam,which function as the force absorbing zones. However, some of theillustrative embodiments discussed below are also suitable for use intapes which are manufactured utilizing a unitary piece of foam.

In FIG. 3A, the second layer 304 consists of two sets (306; 308) of foampieces which are made of the same type of foam, but differ in height.The pieces of foam of the first set have a greater height than thepieces of foam of the second set. A piece of foam from the first set 306is distributed near each of the opposing longitudinal edges of the tapeto form opposing outer margins. Two pieces of foam from the second set308 are distributed within the margin of the tape. When a force isapplied the two different zone sets compress differently (e.g., onecompresses more than the other); thereby providing differential andcustomizable support for a person's body part.

In FIG. 3B the second layer consists of two sets (406; 408) of foampieces which are made of different types of foam, having the sameheight. Suitable foams include, without limitation, ethyl vinyl acetate(EVA), a closed cell polyethylene (PE), neoprene, rubber, and/or aPE-EVA blend. The pieces of foam of the first set have a greatercompressive strength than the pieces of foam of the second set. A pieceof foam from the first set 406 is distributed near each of the opposinglongitudinal edges of the tape to form opposing outer regions. Twopieces of foam from the second set 408 are distributed within the innermargin of the tape. This structure can be advantageous in situations inwhich the impacting force is not received in a direction which isperpendicular to the skin but is received at an oblique angle.

In FIG. 3C the second layer consists of two sets (506; 508) of foampieces which are made of the different types of foam, and also havedifferent heights. The pieces of foam of the first set have a greatercompressive strength and a greater height than the pieces of foam of thesecond set. A piece of foam from the first set 506 is distributed neareach of the opposing longitudinal edges of the tape to form opposingouter regions. Two pieces of foam from the second set 508 aredistributed within the inner margin.

In FIG. 3D the second layer consists of two sets (606; 608) of foampieces in which the first set 606 are made of a composite of two typesof foam. Advantageously, the first foam and the second foam have acompression set to absorb and dissipate energy. In one embodiment, thefirst foam has a greater compression set than the second foam. Inanother embodiment, the compression set of the second foam exceeds thecompression set of the first foam. As illustrated, the compositeconsists of a first type of foam 608 having a high compressive strengthwhich is provided nearest to the first layer 602 of the tape. Layeredupon this, is a second type of foam 610 which has a lesser compressivestrength. Whilst the provision of a hard, more compressive foam adjacentto the skin ensures that the padded tape is capable of absorbingimpaction forces and thus protecting the individual from any impacttrauma, the softer, less compressive foam on the outer surface of thetape enhances the wearability of the tape, due for example to thegreater conformability of the softer foam. For example, if the tape isbeing worn to protect the knee, the softer foam enhances the comfort ofthe pad, when the person is kneeling on a hard surface as the softerfoam conforms to the surface to a greater degree than would a stifffoam.

As shown in plan view, the illustrative tapes 700; 800 in FIGS. 4A and4B, are formed with a second layer 702; 802 in which hexagonal forceabsorbing zones 704; 804 are distributed in varying patterns. A user canselect the desired patterns. The pattern selected is governed by theamount of flexion space (706; 806) desired between adjacent zones. Tearlines (708; 808) formed from perforations can be provided within thetape, in certain embodiments disposed between adjacent flexion zones,and allow the user to tear off the desired amount of tape without havingto tear through a force absorbing zone. In some embodiments, tear linesare not provided; however, depending on the composition of at least thefirst layer, the tape can still be torn without severing a forceabsorbing zone. In still other embodiments, a user can employ scissors,shears, tape cutters, or other suitable cutting means to select theamount of tape desired from a sheet or roll.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate further illustrative tape embodiments (900;1000) in which a protective third layer, is applied to the top surfaceof the second layer. The illustrated tapes can be formed according toany of the embodiments disclosed herein, for example, in any of FIGS.1-4( b). As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the tape 900 is provided with afirst layer 902, a second layer 904 and third layer 906, with the thirdlayer being co-planar with the first layer and extending between thelongitudinal edges of the tape. The third layer is a resilientlystretchable material, for example Lycra®. Alternatively, as shown inFIG. 5B, discrete islands of material can be localized onto the topsurface of the force absorbing zones 1104 to form a third layer 1106which protects the force absorbing zones but still maintains separationbetween the tops of adjacent zones. One example of a suitable materialis a skinning foam. Although not shown, adhesive can be provided on thetop surface of the third layer. The adhesive on both the bottom surfaceof the first layer, and if present, on the top surface of the thirdlayer is preferably covered with a protective paper liner prior to use.

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate further embodiments of the disposable tape. FIG.6A is a plan view of a disposable tape, wherein a single sheet of foamis die cut to create a pattern of force absorbing zones 1200 surroundedby a foam core 1202. A single sheet of foam is die cut/segmented tocreate force absorbing zones 1200 and discontinuities 1204 around theforce absorbing zones 1200. The force absorbing zones 1200 are disposedwithin the foam core 1202, which borders the force absorbing zones 1200.The discontinuity 1204 between the force absorbing zone 1200 and thefoam core 1202 allows for movement between flexion space. As illustratedin FIG. 6B, the foam core 1202 can be further segmented to allow forgreater movement relative to the discontinuities 1204 and forceabsorbing zones 1200 as well as for movement between the discontinuities1204 of the foam core 1202. As illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the forceabsorbing zones are configured as hexagons and the foam core has ahoneycomb appearance but it will be appreciated by a person of ordinaryskill in the art that other shapes can be employed. As FIG. 6Billustrates, additional discontinuities can be formed about the foamcore to provide even greater flexion and movement. FIG. 6C is yetanother embodiment of the disposable tape, wherein the foam core isarticulated such that substantially all of the foam core surrounding theforce absorbing zones 1200 is removed except for connectors 1206.

The sheet of disposable tape can be formed by cutting a pattern into asheet of foam such that discontinuities are formed between the forceabsorbing zones and the foam core. As illustrated in FIG. 7, duringmanufacture, a layer of foam 1302 is fed through an assembly 1300 and acutting means 1304 such as a rotary die cutter cuts the foam layer tocreate force absorbing zones and discontinuities. The force absorbingzones can be surrounded by a foam core such as the core described withreference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. Optionally, and as illustrated in FIG. 7,a waste liner 1306 comprising an adhesive such as a pressure sensitiveadhesive can be co-fed through the assembly prior to passing through thecutting means 1304 such that the foam core is substantiallydisassociated from the force absorbing zones and adheres to the wasteliner 1308, leaving a foam layer having force absorbing zones attachedby connectors (as illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 6C).The die cut foam layer travels on the assembly and a first layer 1310having an adhesive such as a PSA and a liner is married to the foamlayer comprising the force absorbing zones and discontinuities betweenthe force absorbing zones and the connectors. Marriage of the firstlayer to the second layer is accomplished by the application ofpressure. As illustrated, a rotary press 1312 can be employed.

A kit for protecting a body surface from injury or pain is alsoprovided. The kit includes disposable tape as described herein andadditional double sided adhesive such as a double sided PSA. The tapecan be applied and then removed. The paper liner can be reapplied untilsubsequent use and double sided adhesive is used to maintain an adhesionto the body surface upon subsequent use. The kit can include apre-application wipe such as a moist towelette, cleansing wipe, oralcohol wipe to reduce the amount of dirt, dead skin cells, and/or oilto promote a better surface for adherence of the tape to the body/skinsurface. Alternatively or additionally, the kit can include a powder,lotion, or spray to prepare the skin surface prior to adhesion to thetape.

The tape can be used during physical activities such as sportingactivities to protect the body of a wearer. Thus, another feature of theinvention is a method of protecting an individual from injury. As usedherein, protecting an individual from injury includes protection againstincurring injury during activity as well as protection of previousinjuries from re-injury during continued activity. Protection isaccomplished particularly with regard to athletic activity in certainembodiments. However, the tape can be used in any field where reductionof friction, chaffing, and impact injuries are desirable. The methodincludes applying tape as described herein to the body surface of theindividual, wherein the tape serves to absorb force and prevent injury,minimize chafing, and/or reduce irritation. The tape can be positioneddirectly on the surface of the skin of an individual.

Alternatively or additionally, the tape can be applied over clothing,tape, bandages, padding, support braces, protective wear, casts, orfootwear. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of disposabletape 1400 applied about the forearm 1402 of an individual. Asillustrated in FIG. 8, the tape 1400 can be applied over conventionalathletic tape 1404 for added support and protection against injury. Thetape can likewise be applied directly to the surface of equipment toreduce irritation or injury to a body surface. For example, the tape asdescribed herein can be applied to athletic equipment such as, in thecase of a football player on the surface of the player's padding toprevent skin irritation and provide additional force absorption. As willbe appreciated by a person of skill in the art, the tape can likewise beapplied over a bandage or athletic tape rather than directly to anindividual's skin surface to prevent against further injury.

FIG. 9 illustrates another aspect of the manufacturing process foraspects of the disposable tape. The process utilizes a light tack/hardtack processing technique. At step 1 the first layer 1400 is acceptedand aligned between the nip 1402 and anvil 1404. As described above, thefirst layer 1400 can be a polyurethane layer having a pressure sensitiveadhesive and a liner. The first layer 1400 is passed through the nip1402 and anvil 1404 and the pressure applied lightly tacks thecomponents of the first layer 1400. The first layer 1400 is scalloped onits back and sent between the anvil 1406 and a die 1408. Next, the foamlayer 1410 is introduced and fed through a nip 1412 and anvil 1414. Thefoam layer 1410 is then passed through a die 1416 and anvil 1418 and theforce absorbing zones are die cut into the foam layer. The stripbar/bullnose assembly 1420 removes and diverts the foam waste matrix1422 and foam liner waste 1424. The foam layer 1410 is fed through thenip 1426 and anvil 1428 and pressed onto the first layer 1400 having thepolyurethane and pressure sensitive adhesive and liner. The pressureapplied by the anvil 1428 adheres the first layer 1400 to the foam layer1410. The first layer 1400 and foam layer 1410 are then aligned andaccepted through die cut 1430 and anvil 1432 to trim the edges away. Thefinished roll 1434 is obtained and the trim waste 1436, 1438 arecollected by external rewind.

Variations and modifications will occur to those of skill in the artafter reviewing this disclosure. The disclosed features may beimplemented, in any combination and sub-combination (including multipledependent combinations and sub-combinations), with one or more otherfeatures described herein. The various features described or illustratedabove, including any components thereof, may be combined or integratedin other systems. Moreover, certain features may be omitted or notimplemented.

Examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable byone skilled in the art and could be made without departing from thescope of the information disclosed herein. All references cited arehereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties and madepart of this application.

What is claimed is:
 1. Disposable tape configured for application to abody contacting surface for the prevention or treatment of an injury toan individual, said tape comprising: a first layer having a bottom andtop surface, wherein the bottom surface is an adhesive skin-contactingsurface that adheres to and conforms to the body surface, a second layerdisposed on the top surface of the first layer, wherein the second layercomprises a pad having a plurality of force absorbing zones, and adiscontinuity disposed between at least two of the plurality of zones,the first discontinuity comprising a bottom surface and a flexion spacebetween the at least two zones, and wherein flexion of the pad about thefirst discontinuity allows motion of the body surface.
 2. The tapeaccording to claim 1, wherein each force absorbing zone has a base withside walls extending therefrom, and wherein the base is secured to thetop surface of the first layer and the flexion surface is locatedbetween side walls of adjacent force absorbing zones.
 3. The tapeaccording to claim 2, wherein the side walls have complimentary shapesthat abut across the flexion space when the plurality of force absorbingzones articulate about the first discontinuity.
 4. The tape of claim 1,wherein said disposable tape is wound in overlapping relationship uponitself.
 5. The tape of claim 1, wherein said body contacting surface isselected from the group consisting of the individual's skin, athleticequipment, padding, footwear and clothing.
 6. The tape of claim 1,wherein said bottom surface comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive. 7.The tape of claim 6, wherein the pressure sensitive adhesive is apolyurethane.
 8. The tape of claim 6, wherein the plurality of forceabsorbing zones comprise ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) foam.
 9. The tape ofclaim 1, further comprising a protective paper removably attached tosaid bottom surface.
 10. The tape according to claim 1, wherein thebottom surface of the first discontinuity is disposed above the topsurface of the first layer.
 11. The tape according to claim 1, whereinthe force absorbing zone comprises a first material layer and a secondmaterial layer, the first material layer having a compressive strengthgreater than a second material layer and wherein the force absorbingzone is oriented such that the first material layer is positioned nearerto the body surface than the second material layer.
 12. The tapeaccording to claim 1, wherein a first set of the plurality of forceabsorbing zones and a second set of the plurality of force absorbingzones are provided, the force absorbing zones of the first set having adifferent shape than the shape of the plurality of force absorbing zonesof the second set.
 13. The tape according to claim 1, wherein a firstset of plurality of force absorbing zones and a second set of theplurality of force absorbing zones are provided, and wherein said firstset of the plurality of force absorbing zones has a greater height thanthe height of the plurality of force absorbing zones of the second set.14. The tape according to claim 1, wherein a first set of plurality offorce absorbing zones and a second set of the plurality of forceabsorbing zones are provided, and wherein the first set and second setof the plurality of force absorbing zones are made of materials havingdifferent compressive strengths.
 15. The tape according to claim 1,wherein the plurality of force absorbing zones comprise a foam materialselected from the group consisting of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA),polyethylene (PE), or combinations thereof.
 16. The tape according toclaim 1, further comprising a tear line along the flexion space.
 17. Amethod of protecting various areas of a user's body, said methodcomprising; (i) dispensing a section of the tape according to claim 1and; (ii) adhering the section of the tape to an area of the user's bodyfor protecting said area.
 18. A kit, comprising: the disposable tape ofclaim 1; double-sided adhesive; and instructions for applying saiddisposable tape to a body contacting surface and reapplying saiddisposable tape with a portion of said double sided adhesive.
 19. Thekit of claim 18, wherein said disposable tape further comprisesprotective paper removably attached to said first layer of said tape.20. The kit of claim 19, further comprising instructions for reapplyingthe protective paper to the first layer of said tape between uses. 21.The kit of claim 18, further comprising a pre-application wipe andinstructions for preparing the surface of a body contacting surfaceprior to application of said disposable tape.
 22. The kit of claim 21,wherein said pre-application wipe is selected from the group consistingof a moist towelette, a cleansing wipe, and an alcohol wipe.